rasjonering

Rasjonering, or rationing, is a system for allocating scarce goods and services when supply cannot meet demand. It restricts the quantity an individual or household may obtain during a specific period, aiming to assure access to essential items for the whole population and to prevent shortage-induced price spikes. Rasjonering is typically activated by government authorities in emergencies or wartime, but can also arise in peacetime during severe shortages.

Rasjonering systems vary in scope and method. They can be universal or targeted, temporary or permanent, and rely on quotas, coupons, vouchers, or digital accounts. Distribution is usually managed through shops or state-controlled outlets, with compliance enforced by inspections, penalties, or tracking systems. The goods most commonly controlled are food staples, fuels, medicines, and clothing, though the concept can apply to any scarce resource such as water or energy.

In practice, rationing serves multiple purposes: it can stabilize supply, curb inflation, and promote fairness when access is otherwise unequal. However, it can also create inefficiencies, spur the emergence of black markets, long queues, and disincentives to produce or conserve. The effectiveness of rationing depends on accurate needs assessments, reliable distribution, and public trust.

Historically, rationing has been widely used during World War II and in various economies facing austerity, occupation, or commodity shocks. In the modern era, it is less common in advanced economies, but similar systems can reappear in crises or for specific goods, such as water or electricity restrictions during droughts or peak demand periods.