racionálislegalitás

Racionális legalitás, sometimes translated as rational legality, is a concept in sociology and political science that describes a system of law and governance that is based on rational principles rather than tradition or charisma. It is a key component of Max Weber's theory of authority, where it represents one of the three ideal types of legitimate domination.

In a system of rational legality, authority is derived from a belief in the legality of enacted rules and the right of those elevated to authority under such rules to issue commands. This means that the power of individuals and institutions is not based on their personal qualities or historical precedent, but on adherence to established laws and procedures. The laws themselves are expected to be rational, in the sense that they are systematically organized, predictable, and applied impartially.

This form of authority is characteristic of modern bureaucratic states and legal systems. Decisions are made through established procedures, and individuals are subject to the law, not to the arbitrary will of a ruler. The legitimacy of the system stems from the people's acceptance of the legal order and the processes by which laws are created and enforced. This contrasts with traditional authority, which is based on customs and established ways of doing things, and charismatic authority, which is based on the exceptional personal qualities of a leader. Rational legality emphasizes predictability, calculability, and fairness in the application of power.