résistants

Résistants, the term used in French to denote members of the resistance movements that opposed the German occupation and the Vichy regime during the Second World War, were a heterogeneous group composed of civilians, military personnel, political activists, and foreigners. Their activities began shortly after the armistice of June 1940 and intensified following the full occupation of France in November of that year.

The main objectives of the résistants were to collect intelligence, sabotage German logistics, assist Allied airmen and escaped prisoners, and prepare for the liberation of France. To achieve these goals they organised clandestine networks such as Libération‑Sud, Combat, Franc‑Tireur, and the Parti communiste français’s FTP, each with its own political orientation but often cooperating on operations. The French Forces Françaises de l’Intérieur (FFI), created in early 1944, unified many of these groups under a common command structure.

Résistants employed diverse tactics, ranging from the distribution of underground newspapers and the organization of strikes to armed attacks on railways, factories, and German personnel. Notable actions include the sabotage of the railway line at Briare in 1944 and the widespread uprisings during the liberation of Paris in August 1944, when résistants and Allied forces jointly expelled the occupiers.

The legacy of the résistants is commemorated in French national memory through monuments, plaques, and the annual celebration of 8 May, the day of Victory in Europe. Their contributions have been studied extensively in historiography, emphasizing both their heroic deeds and the complex moral choices they faced. The term "résistants" continues to symbolize civic courage and the refusal to accept oppression.