püridoksalfosfaat

Pyridoxal phosphate, often abbreviated as PLP, is the active coenzyme form of vitamin B6. It plays a crucial role in a wide variety of biochemical reactions within living organisms, particularly in the metabolism of amino acids. PLP acts as a cofactor for over 140 enzymes, participating in reactions such as transamination, decarboxylation, and racemization. These enzymatic processes are essential for the synthesis and breakdown of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.

The structure of pyridoxal phosphate consists of a pyridoxine ring, a phosphate group, and an aldehyde group. This aldehyde group is key to its catalytic function, forming transient Schiff bases with amino groups of amino acid substrates. This interaction facilitates the subsequent chemical transformations.

In humans, pyridoxal phosphate is vital for neurotransmitter synthesis, including serotonin and dopamine, as well as for the metabolism of glycogen and the formation of heme, a component of red blood cells. Deficiencies in vitamin B6 can lead to various health issues, including neurological problems, anemia, and skin disorders. PLP is synthesized in the body from dietary vitamin B6 compounds.