põlveliiges

The põlveliiges, commonly known as the knee joint, is a complex hinge joint in the leg that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone). It is one of the largest and most intricate joints in the human body, allowing for flexion and extension of the leg, as well as some degree of rotation. The joint is surrounded by a capsule and is stabilized by several ligaments, including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments.

Within the knee joint, two menisci, crescent-shaped pieces of cartilage, act as shock absorbers and help to distribute weight evenly between the femur and tibia. The articular surfaces of the bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, which provides a smooth surface for movement and reduces friction. The joint is also lubricated by synovial fluid, produced by the synovial membrane lining the joint capsule.

The muscles surrounding the knee, such as the quadriceps femoris and hamstrings, play a crucial role in its movement and stability. Injuries to the knee are common and can affect the ligaments, menisci, cartilage, or bones, leading to pain, swelling, and limited mobility. Conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can also affect the knee joint, causing chronic pain and disability. Physical therapy and, in some cases, surgery are often used to treat knee problems.