põllumaa

Põllumaa is the Estonian term for agricultural land primarily used for farming. The word combines põld (field) and maa (land). In land-use classifications, põllumaa denotes land designated for agricultural production, including arable fields, pastures, and meadows.

In Estonia, põllumaa is a category in land registries that helps define permissible use, rights, taxation, and eligibility for agricultural subsidies. It is distinguished from metsamaa (forest land) and other non-agricultural land. Changes in land use, such as conversion to urban or industrial use, typically require regulatory approvals and adherence to environmental rules.

Agricultural activities on põllumaa include growing cereals, vegetables, potatoes, and oilseeds, as well as grazing and haymaking in meadows and pastures. The land may be owned by private individuals or institutions and is commonly leased to farmers under rental agreements. Land reform in the 1990s and subsequent policies have shaped the ownership and management of agricultural land in Estonia.

Põllumaa is a key component of Estonia’s rural economy and is influenced by national and European Union agricultural policies, including subsidies and environmental standards. Sustainable land management, soil protection, and water quality are important considerations in the continued use and stewardship of põllumaa.