põiekivi

Põiekivi is the Estonian term for bladder stones, which are solid masses of mineral salts that form in the bladder. These stones can vary in size, from tiny crystals to large, palpable objects. The formation of põiekivi is often associated with conditions that cause urine to stagnate in the bladder, such as an enlarged prostate, bladder neck obstruction, or urinary tract infections. In some cases, the stones may form due to metabolic disorders that lead to an excess of certain minerals in the urine.

Symptoms of põiekivi can range from mild discomfort to severe pain. Common signs include pain in the lower abdomen or groin, difficulty urinating, a frequent urge to urinate, blood in the urine (hematuria), and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. In some instances, individuals may experience no symptoms at all, and the stones are discovered incidentally during medical examinations for other conditions.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, urine tests to check for infection or blood, and imaging techniques such as ultrasound, X-rays, or CT scans to visualize the stones. Treatment for põiekivi depends on the size and number of stones, as well as the presence of symptoms. Small stones may pass on their own or be managed with increased fluid intake. Larger stones often require medical intervention, which can include medication to dissolve the stones or surgical procedures to remove them. Surgical options may involve cystolitholapaxy, where the stones are broken up and removed, or open surgery in more complex cases. Prevention strategies focus on addressing underlying causes and maintaining adequate hydration.