puremia

Sepsis, formerly known as pyaemia or pyemia, is a severe and life-threatening medical condition characterized by a whole-body inflammatory response to infection. It occurs when the body's immune system overreacts to an infection, leading to widespread inflammation and organ dysfunction. While the term "pyaemia" is outdated and rarely used in modern medicine, it historically referred to the presence of pus-forming bacteria in the bloodstream, often resulting from localized infections such as abscesses or infected wounds.

Sepsis typically arises when bacteria or other pathogens enter the bloodstream, usually due to an untreated or poorly managed infection. Common sources include urinary tract infections, pneumonia, abdominal infections, or surgical site infections. The body's immune response triggers the release of chemicals that can damage tissues and organs, leading to complications such as organ failure, shock, and death if untreated.

Symptoms of sepsis include fever or chills, rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, confusion, and extreme pain or discomfort. In severe cases, it can progress to septic shock, a dangerous drop in blood pressure that reduces oxygen flow to vital organs. Early recognition and immediate treatment with antibiotics, intravenous fluids, and supportive care are critical to improving outcomes.

Risk factors for sepsis include advanced age, weakened immune systems, chronic illnesses such as diabetes or kidney disease, and recent surgery or hospitalization. Prevention involves prompt treatment of infections, vaccination against common pathogens, and maintaining overall health. With timely medical intervention, survival rates can improve significantly, though sepsis remains a major cause of death worldwide.