pupillometria

Pupillometry is the scientific measurement of the size and reactivity of the pupils, which are the circular openings in the center of the iris of the eye. This field of study is used to analyze changes in pupil size in response to various stimuli, providing insights into cognitive, emotional, and neurological processes. Pupillometry is relevant in multiple disciplines, including psychology, neuroscience, medicine, and human-computer interaction.

The primary focus of pupillometry is on the pupillary light reflex, which describes the constriction of pupils in response to increased luminance, as well as dilation responses triggered by changes in arousal, attention, or mental effort. These reflexes are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, with parasympathetic pathways mediating constriction and sympathetic pathways promoting dilation.

Modern pupillometry employs infrared cameras and eye-tracking technology to accurately record pupil diameter over time. Advances in software allow for detailed analysis of pupillary responses, revealing subtle fluctuations linked to specific cognitive or emotional states. For example, increased pupil size has been associated with higher mental workload, emotional arousal, and decision-making processes.

Pupillometry has clinical applications in diagnosing neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and concussion, by assessing autonomic nervous system function. It is also used in psychological research to explore attention, perception, and emotional regulation. Furthermore, pupillometry plays a role in affective computing, where it helps to improve human-computer interfaces by identifying user states.

Overall, pupillometry offers a non-invasive window into the functioning of the nervous system, providing valuable information about underlying physiological and psychological processes. Its continued development enhances understanding and application in both research and practical settings.