punktowymi

Punktowymi is the instrumental plural form of the Polish adjective punktowy, which can be translated as point-based, point-related, or dot-based depending on the context. In Polish, adjectives agree with the nouns they describe in gender, number, and case, and the instrumental plural ending for this class of adjectives is -owymi, yielding punktowymi.

The form is used when the modified noun is in the instrumental case and plural. It frequently appears in technical and academic language. For example, it can occur in phrases such as punktowymi metodami, meaning “by point-based methods” or “with point-based methods.” In other contexts, related phrases might use the nominative plural form punktowe (for example, dane punktowe, “point data”) or the genitive singular/plural forms punktowego or punktowych, depending on the grammatical role in the sentence.

Punktowymi does not denote a separate concept or entity; it is simply a grammatical inflection. Its appropriate use depends on correct agreement with the noun it describes and the overall syntactic role of that noun in the sentence. The term is most common in fields that deal with data points, measurements, or methods defined by points, such as statistics, data analysis, and numerical computing.