pulverform

Pulverform refers to a material that has been reduced to fine powder, typically consisting of discrete particles with a broad range of sizes. In pharmaceutics, food technology, chemistry, and materials science, powders are used for their high surface area, improved solubility, and ease of handling. The term encompasses powders produced by grinding, milling, crushing, or atomization, and can describe both crystalline and amorphous substances.

Key properties of a powder include particle size distribution, bulk density, flowability, compaction behavior, moisture content, and surface chemistry. Particle size strongly influences dissolution rate, texture, processing, and stability. Flowability and cohesiveness affect handling, mixing, and compaction, while moisture and packaging impact caking and clumping.

Powder production methods include milling (ball mills, hammer mills, jet mills), grinding, and spray or freeze drying for certain materials. Post-processing often involves sieving or classifying to achieve target size fractions, as well as drying to remove residual moisture. Milling can induce changes in crystal form and heat-sensitive substances.

Applications span pharmaceuticals (oral powders, inhalation powders), food (instant mixes, spices), cosmetics (face powders), and materials science (powder metallurgy, ceramic powders). In pharmaceuticals, powders may be formulated as dry powders for capsules or reconstituted suspensions, and as inhalable powders for lungs.

Handling and safety considerations include the risk of dust explosions and inhalation hazards. Proper ventilation, dust control, protective equipment, and humidity control are important. Storage requires protection from moisture, light, and temperature changes, with appropriate packaging and labeling.