prowadono

Prowadzono is the past tense passive form of the Polish verb prowadzić, meaning to lead, conduct, or guide. In this construction, the action is described as having been carried out without specifying who performed it. The phrase is commonly rendered in English as "was conducted" or "were conducted." It is a standard feature of formal, bureaucratic, and academic Polish.

In usage, prowadzono appears with various nouns to indicate that an activity took place. Typical examples include prowadzono badania (investigations were conducted), prowadzono rozmowy (conversations were held), prowadzono obserwacje (observations were conducted), and prowadzono negocjacje (negotiations were conducted). The agent performing the action may be known and stated in an active sentence, but in many contexts the subject remains unspecified, focusing on the occurrence of the activity rather than on who carried it out.

Prowadzono is part of a broader set of passive, impersonal constructions in Polish. When the doer of the action is known or important, writers often switch to the active voice, for example: Naukowcy prowadzili badania (Scientists conducted the studies) or Minister prowadził negocjacje (The minister conducted the negotiations). The passive form often conveys formality, objectivity, or a reporting tone, which is why it frequently appears in official reports, press releases, and scholarly writing.