proteinumsatz

Proteinumsatz refers to the metabolic processes involved in the synthesis and degradation of proteins within the body. It encompasses translational activity in ribosomes, post‑translational modifications, and proteolytic pathways that recycle amino acids for new protein production. The balance between protein synthesis and breakdown determines overall protein availability for cellular functions such as enzyme activity, structural support, and hormone production.

Key enzymes in protein catabolism include proteases such as trypsin, pepsin, and lysosomal cathepsins, which cleave peptide bonds, while proteasomes degrade ubiquitinated proteins. Proteolysis releases essential amino acids that can be reassimilated or used for energy production via gluconeogenesis. Protein synthesis is regulated by signaling pathways like mTOR, insulin, and growth factors, responding to nutrient status, physical activity, and hormonal changes.

Clinically, altered protein turnover manifests in conditions such as cachexia, hepatic cirrhosis, or chronic kidney disease, where increased catabolism or impaired synthesis leads to muscle wasting and functional decline. Measurement of protein turnover can be performed using isotope‑labelled amino acids, nitrogen balance studies, or assays of markers like beta‑2 microglobulin. Understanding proteinumsatz is crucial for nutritional strategies, therapeutic interventions, and athletic training aimed at optimizing muscle mass and overall metabolic health.