prostaglandíni

Prostaglandins are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds that have hormone-like effects in animals. They are not stored in cells but are synthesized in response to stimuli. Their functions are diverse and include roles in inflammation, blood flow, the formation of blood clots, and the induction of labor. They are derived from fatty acids, most notably arachidonic acid, through the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway.

There are many different types of prostaglandins, each with specific roles. For example, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is involved in pain and inflammation, while prostacyclin (PGI2) helps prevent blood clots and dilates blood vessels. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) promotes blood clotting and vasoconstriction. These compounds act locally, meaning they usually affect the cells near where they are produced.

Prostaglandins play a significant role in various physiological processes. In the gastrointestinal tract, they protect the stomach lining. In the kidneys, they help regulate blood flow and salt excretion. During childbirth, prostaglandins are crucial for initiating and progressing labor by causing uterine contractions. They are also involved in the reproductive cycle.

The pharmacological significance of prostaglandins is substantial. Many medications target prostaglandin synthesis or action. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and aspirin work by inhibiting the COX enzymes, thereby reducing prostaglandin production and alleviating pain and inflammation. Medications that mimic or block specific prostaglandin actions are used to treat conditions such as glaucoma, erectile dysfunction, and peptic ulcers.