promyelosytoomassa

Promyelosytoomassa is a term used in hematology to describe a proliferation of promyelocytes, which are immature white blood cells. This condition is typically associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), specifically a subtype known as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). APL is characterized by a specific genetic translocation, the t(15;17), which affects the PML and RARA genes. This translocation leads to the production of an abnormal PML-RARalpha fusion protein that interferes with the normal differentiation of myeloid cells.

In promyelosytoomassa, these abnormal promyelocytes accumulate in the bone marrow and can spill over into the peripheral blood. The hallmark of APL is the presence of hypergranular promyelocytes, which contain numerous azurophilic granules. These cells are functionally immature and cannot differentiate into mature granulocytes, leading to a blockage in hematopoiesis and a deficiency in normal blood cells. The diagnosis is usually made through bone marrow examination, which reveals a high percentage of promyelocytes.

The clinical presentation of promyelosytoomassa can vary, but it often includes symptoms related to bone marrow failure, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. A significant complication associated with APL is coagulopathy, particularly disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), due to the release of procoagulant substances from the granules of the promyelocytes. Treatment for promyelosytoomassa, when part of APL, typically involves all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide, which can induce differentiation of the malignant promyelocytes and promote apoptosis.