progesteronien

Progesteronien is a term used in some languages to refer to progesterone and related progestogens. Natural progesterone is a steroid hormone produced primarily by the corpus luteum of the ovary, and later by the placenta during pregnancy. Small amounts are synthesized by the adrenal cortex. In males, progesterone is present at lower levels and serves mainly as a precursor to other steroids.

Progesterone acts mainly through progesterone receptors in target tissues, where it modulates gene expression. It also has non-genomic, rapid effects. In women, progesterone regulates the menstrual cycle, prepares the endometrium for implantation, maintains early pregnancy, and influences mammary gland development. In other animals, similar reproductive roles exist, though levels and sources vary.

It is a lipophilic C21 steroid derived from cholesterol. It is metabolized primarily in the liver to various metabolites, some of which are glucuronidated for excretion. Clinically, progesterone can be administered orally, vaginally, transdermally, or by injection, with pharmacokinetics depending on formulation. Synthetic progestins are chemically related but differ in receptor affinity and metabolic fate.

Progesterone and progestins are used in contraception, hormone replacement therapy, treatment of endometriosis and abnormal uterine bleeding, and to support pregnancy in certain infertility contexts. Side effects may include fatigue, mood changes, headaches, and breast tenderness; risks and benefits depend on the specific compound and regimen. Natural progesterone generally has a different safety profile than many synthetic progestins.