progesteroner

Progesterone is a steroid hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species. It is one of the major progestogens, and is the progestogen of first importance in the body. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called steroid hormones. It is produced primarily by the corpus luteum in the ovary after ovulation, and also by the adrenal glands. During pregnancy, the placenta takes over progesterone production. Its main function is to prepare the uterus for pregnancy and to maintain pregnancy.

In the menstrual cycle, progesterone prepares the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, for a potential pregnancy by causing thickening and vascularization. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a drop in progesterone levels, which triggers menstruation. If pregnancy occurs, progesterone levels remain high, preventing menstruation and supporting the developing embryo. Progesterone also plays a role in the development of mammary glands during pregnancy, preparing them for lactation.

Progesterone has various physiological effects beyond reproduction. It can affect mood, sleep patterns, and body temperature. It also has anti-inflammatory properties and contributes to bone health. Pharmaceutical forms of progesterone are used in hormone replacement therapy and as contraceptives.