productCode

Productcode is a generic term for the unique identifier assigned to a product to enable cataloging, tracking, and reference across production, distribution, and retail. A productcode can be numeric, alphanumeric, or encoded as a barcode or other machine-readable symbol, and may be created by manufacturers, distributors, or retailers depending on the system in use.

In retail and manufacturing, productcodes enable inventory control, order processing, pricing, and recall management. They link a physical item to its attributes in databases, ERP and warehouse management systems, including name, dimensions, price, supplier, and batch data. Productcodes support analytics, cross-brand comparisons, and automation across the supply chain.

Common formats include globally standardized GTINs (Global Trade Item Numbers), which encompass UPC (12-digit) and EAN codes, as well as internal stock-keeping units (SKUs) that vary by company. Books often use ISBNs; software and some merchandise may use internal product codes. While GTINs are designed for universal identification, SKUs are typically specific to an organization and may not be globally unique.

Standards and governance: GS1 is the principal body governing GTINs, barcode symbologies, and related identifiers. Many productcodes adhere to GS1 formats, but enterprises may also maintain internal codes that do not map to a public standard.

See also: GTIN, UPC, EAN, ISBN, SKU, barcode.