processvattentypfiltrering

Process water, sometimes referred to as proceswater in Dutch, denotes water used within industrial processes for cooling, heating, dilution, cleaning, or as a reaction medium. It is not intended for human consumption, and its quality is defined by process-specific requirements, cost, and regulatory constraints rather than drinking-water standards. The exact specifications depend on the equipment, chemistry, and the desired outcomes of the process.

Sources and quality: Process water can originate from municipal supplies, groundwater, surface water, rainwater, or reclaimed water. Depending on the use, target parameters may include low levels of dissolved solids, controlled pH, limited hardness, and restricted microbial content. Common measurements used to characterize process water include conductivity or total dissolved solids, pH, hardness, silica, alkalinity, chlorides, and microbial indicators.

Treatment and management: Typical treatment chains combine pretreatment (screening, filtration, sedimentation), removal of hardness and scaling species (softening, ion exchange, or lime treatment), and removal of dissolved contaminants (reverse osmosis or nanofiltration). Disinfection or biocidal treatment may be applied for microbiological control. For cooling and boilers, chemical dosing to inhibit scaling and corrosion is common, along with ongoing monitoring to maintain system integrity and efficiency.

Applications and reuse: Process water is central to power generation, chemical manufacturing, food and beverage production, metal finishing, textile processing, and pharmaceuticals. Increasing emphasis is placed on water reuse and recycling, minimization of waste streams, and technologies like ZLD (zero-liquid-discharge) to reduce environmental impact.

Monitoring and regulation: Water quality is managed through continuous online sensors and periodic sampling, with operators tracking key parameters and adjusting treatment. Compliance considerations include local environmental regulations, process specifications, and safety standards.