proa

A proa is a traditional Pacific sailing vessel consisting of a single main hull (vaka) and a single outrigger (ama) attached on the opposite side by spars. Unlike many Western boats, a proa has no fixed bow or stern; its ends are interchangeable, and the sail and rig can be moved to face the wind as the vessel shunts to change direction.

Operation and balance are key features. The craft typically sails on a given tack with the rig on the main hull side. To reverse course, the crew performs a shunt, moving the boat’s ends so that the sail remains on the same side relative to the wind while the opposite end becomes the new forward end. This allows efficient sailing in shifting winds, without a traditional keel or rudder. The outrigger provides stability and counteracts heeling, while weight distribution and sail trim govern speed and handling.

Rig and construction vary regionally. Traditional proas often use a crab claw or similar lifting sail, though simple sprits or triangular sails have also been used. The hull and ama are usually lightweight, carved from wood or constructed from native materials, and connected by a flexible crossbeam. The design emphasizes ease of repair and versatility in offshore conditions.

Historical and cultural context. Proas were developed and used across the Pacific, including the Marquesas, Micronesia, and Melanesia, for fishing, transport, and long-distance voyaging. They are noted for their speed, seaworthiness, and the skill required to manage the shunting method. In modern times, interest in proas persists among traditional boat builders and sailing enthusiasts, who study their principles for design insight and offshore performance.