primaquina

Primaquina is a synthetic antimalarial medication primarily used in combination therapy to treat malaria caused by *Plasmodium vivax* and *Plasmodium ovale*. It belongs to the 8-aminoquinoline class of drugs and was first synthesized in the 1950s. Primaquina is effective against the dormant liver stages of the parasite, known as hypnozoites, which can cause relapses if left untreated. This property makes it particularly valuable in regions where vivax malaria is endemic, where relapses can occur months or years after initial infection.

The drug is typically administered orally and is often combined with other antimalarial agents, such as chloroquine or artemisinin derivatives, to enhance efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance. Primaquina is generally well-tolerated, with common side effects including nausea, vomiting, headache, and dizziness. More severe adverse reactions, such as hemolytic anemia (particularly in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency) and liver toxicity, may occur but are less frequent.

Primaquina is not recommended for use in *Plasmodium falciparum* infections, as it lacks significant activity against this strain, which is responsible for the most severe and deadly form of malaria. Additionally, its use in pregnant women should be carefully monitored due to potential risks to fetal development. Proper dosing and monitoring are essential to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Like many antimalarial drugs, primaquina has faced challenges related to parasite resistance, particularly in some regions. However, ongoing research continues to explore its role in malaria control, particularly in combination therapies to mitigate resistance. Always consult medical professionals before initiating primaquina treatment, as individual patient factors may influence its suitability.