pretences

Pretence, or pretences in British English (pretense in American English), refers to the act of pretending or presenting something as true when it is not. It can describe a feigned belief, a stated claim, or a outward appearance that is intended to mislead. A pretence may be used to gain advantage, avoid consequences, or influence others, and its appropriateness or harm is judged by the context and outcome.

Etymology and forms: The term comes from Old French pretence, from pretendre “to claim, pretend,” itself from Latin praetendere “to stretch forth.” The noun exists in both British and American spellings, with the verb form being pretend. The concept encompasses both harmless social performance and deliberate deceit.

Usage and examples: Common phrases include “on the pretence of” or “under false pretences,” meaning a pretext used to justify an action or to conceal the real motive. Pretences can range from minor social theatrics to more serious fraud, where a person or organization uses a false claim to obtain money, goods, or access. In everyday speech, pretence often connotes insincerity, though in some contexts it may be a temporary or strategic deception with unclear moral weighting.

Legal and cultural context: In legal language, false pretences are linked to deception and fraud, such as gaining entry or funds under false pretences. In literature and drama, pretences are common plot devices that reveal characters’ hidden motives, identity, or hidden plans, sometimes driving tension or irony. See also deception, pretext, illusion.