preproduction

Preproduction is the planning phase that precedes production in media creation such as film, television, and video. It includes concept development, script refinement, budgeting, financing, scheduling, location scouting, casting, and assembling the crew and resources necessary to shoot.

During preproduction, key documents are created and decisions are made to guide the shoot. These include the script or treatment, a production schedule, a production budget, the production bible, and a shot list or storyboard. Activities commonly take place: script development and locking; storyboarding or pre-visualization; location scouting and securing permits; design work for sets, costumes, and props; risk assessment and safety planning, insurance, and compliance with unions and local regulations.

Casting and hiring occur, including the director, producers, department heads, and crew. Location managers arrange sites and permits; art directors and production designers plan visual style; cinematographers plan lighting and camera gear; wardrobe and makeup are prepared; a call sheet and shooting calendar are produced to coordinate daily work.

The purpose is to reduce risk, control costs, and ensure a smooth transition to production. Preproduction ends when principal photography begins, with final schedules, permits, and resources in place.