preclearance

Preclearance is a border-processing arrangement in which United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and other agencies conduct immigration and customs inspections at international departure points outside the United States for travelers bound for the United States.

Under preclearance, travelers present documentation, undergo screening by CBP officers, and are cleared for entry before departure. After completing preclearance, travelers board their U.S.-bound flight; upon arrival in the United States, they are treated as domestic travelers and typically pass directly to baggage claim and exit.

Preclearance is established through bilateral agreements between the United States and host countries and operates at select foreign airports. It has been in operation since the mid-20th century and has expanded to include several countries by mutual consent, with ongoing discussions to add new facilities as security and logistics requirements evolve.

Benefits include shorter lines and processing times at U.S. ports of entry, more predictable flight connections, and potential efficiency gains for airlines and travelers. Critics raise concerns about sovereignty, data privacy, and the cost of maintaining foreign inspection facilities, as well as ensuring consistent application of standards.

Today preclearance exists at a number of international airports worldwide under formal agreements with the United States, reflecting a policy aim to facilitate secure, efficient cross-border travel.