pozitivizma

Pozitivism is a philosophical movement that emerged in the 19th century, primarily in France, and is characterized by its emphasis on the use of empirical evidence and scientific methods to understand the world. The term "pozitivism" comes from the French word "positif," meaning positive or affirmative, reflecting the movement's focus on what is known rather than what is unknown or unknowable.

The philosophical roots of positivism can be traced back to the Enlightenment, with key figures such as René Descartes and John Locke advocating for the use of reason and empirical observation. However, positivism as a distinct movement was formalized by philosophers like Auguste Comte, who is often considered the founder of positivism. Comte argued that society progresses through three stages: the theological, the metaphysical, and the positive. In the positive stage, knowledge is based solely on observable phenomena and scientific methods.

Positivism has had a significant influence on various fields, including sociology, psychology, and the natural sciences. It has also been a subject of critique, with philosophers and scientists questioning its limitations and the extent to which it can provide a comprehensive understanding of reality. Despite these critiques, positivism continues to be a relevant and influential philosophical movement, shaping contemporary thought in numerous disciplines.