powtórne

Powtórne is a Polish term that functions primarily as an adjective meaning “repeated,” “second,” or “recurrent,” and is sometimes used as an adverb in more formal or literary contexts. It is derived from the verb powtórzyć, meaning to repeat, with the prefix pow- indicating repetition. In everyday speech, more common alternatives for adverbial meaning are ponownie or jeszcze raz.

Grammatically, powtórne appears most often in front of neuter nouns, where its form aligns with neuter gender. The masculine and feminine forms of the adjective are powtórny and powtórna, respectively, and standard Polish adjective declension applies for number (singular or plural) and case. In practice, powtórne is frequently found in compound phrases that denote repetition, especially in formal writing and administrative or legal language.

Common usages include phrases such as powtórne zgłoszenie (a repeated submission), powtórne rozpatrzenie (a reconsideration), and powtórne odwołanie (a second appeal). These constructions convey that an action or event is occurring again or has been repeated after an initial instance. The word tends to appear in official documents, policy texts, and legal contexts rather than in casual conversation.

Etymology traces powtórne to the Polish verb powtórzyć and the associated noun or adjective forms formed with the prefix pow- to indicate repetition. While powtórne retains precise nuance in formal language, speakers often prefer simpler synonyms in everyday use.

See also: powtórzyć, ponownie, powtórny, powtórna.