powierchowny

Powierzchowny is a Polish adjective that describes something related to the surface or, figuratively, something done only on a surface level. In physical contexts it can refer to elements belonging to the outer layer, such as a "powierzchowna warstwa" of material. In figurative use it denotes a lack of depth or thoroughness, as in "powierzchowna analiza" or "powierzchowny osąd," where actions or judgments are not thoroughly considered.

Etymology and form: the word is formed from the noun "powierzchnia" (surface) with the adjectival suffix -owny. It is used with nouns of different genders and numbers, agreeing in gender, number, and case. The basic forms are powierzchowny (m. singular), powierzchowna (f. singular), and powierzchonne (n. singular). In plural it takes forms such as powierzchowni (masculine personal) and powierzchowne (plural for non-personal or mixed gender).

Usage notes: powierzchowny can describe concrete surfaces (for example, "powierzchowna warstwa gleby") as well as abstract qualities (for example, "powierzchowny ogląd" or "powierzchowna ocena"). The adverbial counterpart is "w sposób powierzchowny," used to indicate superficial manner or approach.

See also: powierzchnia (surface); powierzchowność (superficiality); powłoka (coat, layer).