powertransmission

Power transmission is the process of transporting electric power from generation sources to consumers over long distances using high-voltage networks. The goal is to move large amounts of electrical energy efficiently while maintaining acceptable voltage, frequency, and reliability.

Historically, early power systems operated at modest voltages. The adoption of alternating current and the development of transformers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries enabled efficient long-distance transmission and the creation of interconnected grids. More recently, high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links have been used for very long or undersea connections where AC transmission would be impractical.

A typical transmission system includes generation plants, step-up transformers to raise voltage for long-distance transport, high-voltage transmission lines, and substations that house transformers, switchgear, and protection and control equipment. At demand centers, substations step voltage down for distribution networks that deliver power to homes and industries. Transmission systems must manage voltage, frequency, stability, and power quality, and rely on balancing generation with consumption in real time.

Transmission may use overhead lines, underground cables, or submarine cables. Overhead lines are common for cost and accessibility; cables are favored in urban environments or subsea crossings. Efficiency improves at higher voltages because current is reduced, but high voltages require robust insulation, protection, and insulation coordination. Modern grids incorporate technologies such as FACTS devices, HVDC links, and advanced protection schemes to enhance reliability, controllability, and the integration of variable renewable energy sources.