potvrzenou

Potvrzenou is a declined form in Czech, not a standalone lexeme. It is the feminine singular form of the past participle or adjective derived from the verb potvrdit, which means to confirm. As a grammatical form, potvrzenou is used to modify feminine nouns in the accusative singular or the instrumental singular, depending on the syntactic role in the sentence.

In practice, potvrzenou appears in phrases where a feminine noun is described as having been confirmed. For example, with accusative feminine singular: potvzenou zprávu (a confirmed message). With instrumental feminine singular, often after a preposition: se potvrzenou identitou (with a confirmed identity) or s potvrzenou kopií (with a confirmed copy). The exact case is determined by the governing word in the sentence and the preposition, if any.

Grammatically, potvrzenou is closely related to other gendered forms of the same participle or adjective, such as potvrděná (feminine nominative), potvrzená (feminine genitive/other cases), and potvrzené (neuter or plural forms). The choice among these forms reflects standard Czech agreement rules: gender (feminine), number (singular), and case (accusative or instrumental in the examples above).

Etymology: potvrzenou is built from the verb potvrdit, with the prefix po- and the root tvrdit, connecting to the general meaning “to confirm” or “to certify.” The form is typical of Czech participial adjectives that describe a noun’s state as having been confirmed.

See also: potvrzený, potvrzená, potvrzení.