porcátültetések

Porcátültetések, also known as cartilage transplantation or cartilage grafting, refers to surgical procedures aimed at repairing damaged articular cartilage. Articular cartilage is the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint, allowing them to glide over each other with minimal friction. Damage to this cartilage, often due to injury, overuse, or degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis, can lead to pain, swelling, and limited mobility.

There are several types of porcátültetések, broadly categorized into autologous and allogeneic procedures. Autologous techniques involve using the patient's own cartilage cells. Microfracture is a common method where small holes are created in the bone beneath the damaged cartilage, stimulating the formation of a new, albeit less durable, fibrocartilage layer. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) involves harvesting healthy cartilage cells from a less weight-bearing area of the joint, culturing them in a laboratory to multiply, and then implanting them back into the damaged area. Osteochondral autograft transplantation uses small plugs of healthy bone and cartilage taken from a donor site within the patient's own body to fill the defect.

Allogeneic procedures utilize cartilage from a deceased donor. This is typically done through osteochondral allograft transplantation, where a larger piece of bone and cartilage is used to replace a significant portion of the damaged joint surface. Porcátültetések are generally considered for younger, more active individuals with localized cartilage defects, aiming to relieve pain and restore function. The success and long-term durability of these procedures can vary depending on factors such as the size and location of the defect, the patient's age and activity level, and the specific surgical technique employed. Rehabilitation and physical therapy are crucial components of the recovery process following a porcátültetés.