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Polyisocyanurate foam, often abbreviated as PIR foam or polyiso, is a rigid thermosetting plastic material produced by the reaction of isocyanates with polyols, and in this specific case, with a trimerization catalyst to form isocyanurate rings. This chemical structure results in a foam with excellent thermal insulation properties, high fire resistance, and good structural integrity. PIR foam is manufactured in various forms, including boards, panels, and spray foam applications, making it versatile for a wide range of uses.

The key characteristic of PIR foam is its closed-cell structure, which traps blowing agents and prevents the ingress of moisture and air. This cellular matrix is responsible for its low thermal conductivity, making it a highly effective insulator for buildings, refrigeration units, and industrial piping. Compared to its predecessor, polyurethane foam (PUR), PIR foam generally exhibits superior fire performance due to the presence of isocyanurate rings, which are more thermally stable and char upon exposure to heat, forming a protective layer.

PIR foam finds extensive application in the construction industry as insulation for roofs, walls, and floors. It is also utilized in the manufacturing of insulated metal panels, often referred to as sandwich panels, which are used for pre-fabricated buildings, cold storage facilities, and commercial structures. Its lightweight nature and ease of installation contribute to its popularity in modern construction. While effective, proper handling and installation are important to ensure optimal performance and safety.