polysomnogram

A polysomnogram, often abbreviated as PSG, is a comprehensive sleep study used to diagnose sleep disorders. It is conducted overnight in a sleep laboratory or at home under the supervision of a trained technician. During a polysomnogram, various physiological parameters are monitored to assess sleep patterns and identify abnormalities. These parameters typically include electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain wave activity, electrooculography (EOG) to track eye movements, and electromyography (EMG) to detect muscle activity.

In addition to brain activity, polysomnograms also record heart rate and rhythm through electrocardiography (ECG), breathing patterns via airflow sensors and chest/abdominal bands, and blood oxygen levels using a pulse oximeter. Body position and limb movements are also observed. The data collected provides a detailed picture of an individual's sleep stages, quality, and any disruptions that may be occurring.

Polysomnograms are crucial for diagnosing conditions such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome, and periodic limb movement disorder. The results help physicians determine the underlying cause of sleep problems and develop appropriate treatment plans. The procedure is generally non-invasive and painless, though some individuals may find it slightly uncomfortable to sleep with the attached sensors.