Polysomnograms

A polysomnogram, often referred to as a sleep study, is a comprehensive medical test used to diagnose sleep disorders. It involves monitoring various physiological functions of the body during sleep. The primary purpose of a polysomnogram is to identify and evaluate conditions such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome, and REM sleep behavior disorder.

During a polysomnogram, sensors are attached to the patient's body. These sensors measure brain waves using electroencephalography (EEG), eye movements with electrooculography (EOG), and muscle activity through electromyography (EMG). Additionally, the study monitors heart rate and rhythm using an electrocardiogram (ECG), breathing patterns and airflow through nasal and oral sensors, and blood oxygen levels with a pulse oximeter. Body position and leg movements are also recorded.

The test is typically conducted overnight in a specialized sleep laboratory. Patients are allowed to sleep in a comfortable room while the equipment records their sleep data. The collected information is then analyzed by a sleep specialist to identify any abnormalities or disruptions in the patient's sleep architecture and physiological processes. Based on the results, a diagnosis can be made, and an appropriate treatment plan can be developed to improve the patient's sleep quality and overall health.