polymerceramics

Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs), sometimes referred to as polymerceramics, are a class of ceramics produced by pyrolyzing polymer precursors to form ceramic networks. Common starting polymers include polycarbosilane and various siloxanes; upon heat treatment they yield materials such as silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) and silicon carbonitride (SiCN).

Typically a preceramic polymer is shaped or processed into a desired geometry, then subjected to controlled heat treatment in inert or reducing atmosphere at temperatures ranging roughly 700–1800 °C. During pyrolysis the polymer undergoes cross-linking and decomposition, leaving behind a ceramic matrix with residual carbon or nitrogen depending on composition and processing. The resulting microstructure is often amorphous or nanocrystalline.

PDCs allow tuning of properties via polymer chemistry and processing. SiOC and SiCN are among the most studied; their high-temperature stability, chemical resistance, and relatively low density make them attractive for protective coatings and high-temperature components. Porosity and density can be adjusted through processing, additive fillers, or partial oxidation.

Applications include thermal barrier coatings, protective coatings for engines and turbines, ceramic matrix composites, catalyst supports, and porous membranes for filtration or energy storage. Polymer-derived approaches also enable coatings and microcomponents with complex shapes that are difficult to achieve with conventional ceramics.

Challenges include shrinkage and cracking during pyrolysis, control of residual carbon or nitrogen contents, and achieving consistent properties at scale. Ongoing research focuses on precursor design, processing strategies such as polymer infiltration and pyrolysis, and integration of PDCs into composite systems for high-temperature applications.