poltergeist

Poltergeist refers to a type of alleged supernatural phenomenon characterized by physical disturbances such as loud noises and objects moving. The term is German, from poltern (to rumble) and geist (ghost or spirit). In classic accounts, the activity is centered on a person, often a teenager, who purportedly triggers the disturbances without being the conscious agent.

Typical manifestations include knocks on walls, rapping sounds, objects moving or levitating, and interference with household appliances. Disturbances tend to occur in domestic settings and can last days to months before fading.

Explanations vary. In parapsychology, some propose psychokinetic effects emanating from the focal person under stress. In psychology and sociology, experts emphasize psychosocial factors, misperception, attention, and possible hoaxes. In physical terms, suggested causes include structural settling, plumbing and HVAC noises, gas leaks, electromagnetic effects, or simple misinterpretation of ordinary sounds.

Notable cases include the Enfield Poltergeist case in the late 1970s in England, which drew intense media attention and remains controversial. Many reports have been questioned or debunked, and rigorous scientific validation remains elusive.

In popular culture, poltergeists are a common trope in horror fiction and cinema. The 1982 film Poltergeist popularized the term in mainstream media, though it is a work of fiction rather than a documented paranormal case.