pollute

Pollute is a verb meaning to contaminate or make impure by introducing unwanted substances or energy into the environment. Pollution can affect air, water, soil, and ecosystems, and may harm human health and biodiversity. The term derives from the Latin polluere, meaning to defile or sully.

Common forms include air pollution from particulates and gases; water pollution from chemicals, nutrients, and pathogens; soil contamination from pesticides, heavy metals, and industrial wastes; noise pollution; and light pollution. Marine and plastic pollution describe pollution in aquatic environments. Pollutants can originate from point sources, such as a discharge pipe or smokestack, or from nonpoint sources, such as diffuse runoff and atmospheric deposition. Human activities are the primary drivers, though natural events can contribute in some contexts.

Impacts vary by pollutant and exposure but commonly include respiratory and cardiovascular illness, ecosystem disruption, reduced biodiversity, agricultural losses, and contributions to climate change. Pollution can degrade drinking water supplies, impair recreational and commercial uses of land and water, and create long-term environmental costs.

Mitigation involves monitoring, regulation, and technological treatment. Pollution can be reduced or removed through wastewater treatment, air pollution control devices, soil remediation, and containment or cleanup of contaminated sites. Prevention strategies emphasize cleaner production, waste minimization, sustainable agriculture, and responsible resource management. International, national, and local policies, standards, and enforcement aim to limit emissions and discharges and to promote environmental protection.