polariserbare

Polariserbare is the German term used to describe the property of a system that can be polarized: its electronic structure allows distortion of the electron cloud by an external electric field. In physics and chemistry, this property is called polarizability. When a small system is placed in a uniform electric field E, an induced dipole moment p appears and is related to the field by p = α · E, where α is the polarizability tensor. If the system is isotropic, α reduces to a scalar; in anisotropic media, α is a second-rank tensor with components α_ij.

Polarizability is typically expressed in cubic angstroms (Å^3) in chemical contexts, while SI units are C m^2/V; both quantify how readily the electron cloud is distorted. Dynamic or frequency-dependent polarizability α(ω) describes the response to oscillating fields and underpins the dispersion of light, refractive index and dielectric behavior. Factors such as molecular size, electronic structure (π‑systems, lone pairs), and polarizability anisotropy determine the magnitude.

Measurement and modeling: polarizability can be inferred from optical spectra via the Lorentz–Lorenz relation or measured dielectric constants, and it is computed in quantum chemistry and molecular modelling. In simulations, polarizable force fields (for example using Drude oscillators) include induced dipoles to reproduce dielectric responses.

Applications include dielectric materials, nonlinear optics, spectroscopy and intermolecular forces such as van der Waals interactions. In German-language literature, polariserbare describes molecules or materials whose electron clouds can be distorted by an external field, enabling their use in various electronic and optical contexts.