plastisers

Plasticisers are additives that increase the plasticity or flexibility of polymers. They are typically liquids or low‑molecular‑weight compounds that insert themselves between polymer chains, reducing interchain interactions and lowering the polymer’s glass transition temperature. The result is a material that can be stretched, bent, and processed more easily.

The most widely used class is phthalates, such as di(2‑ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). Non‑phthalate plasticisers include adipates, citrates, sebacates, and trimellitates. The choice depends on compatibility with the polymer, the desired properties, and regulatory constraints.

Applications are mainly in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products and other polymers used in films, cables and wires, flooring and coatings, gaskets, medical devices, and various consumer goods. Because some phthalates can migrate from the material, many jurisdictions restrict their use in toys and childcare articles, prompting the adoption of safer or non‑phthalate alternatives.

Processing and performance: plasticisers reduce modulus and hardness, increase elongation, and improve processability. Balance is needed because excessive plasticiser can soften the material, lower heat resistance, and promote migration. Compatibility, volatility, and permanence are important considerations during formulation.

Environmental and health considerations: plasticisers are not chemically bonded to the polymer, so leaching or migration can occur during use, recycling, or disposal. Some phthalates raise health concerns, leading to regulatory restrictions and ongoing development of non‑phthalate alternatives.