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The platinum group (PGE) is a group of six rare, precious, and highly valuable metallic chemical elements. The group consists of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, with platinum being the most well-known member. The platinum group metals are known for their chemical inertness, high melting points, and resistance to corrosion, making them suitable for various industrial applications.

The platinum group metals are typically found together in nature, often in combination with other metals such as copper and nickel. The primary sources of platinum group metals are platinum-bearing magmatic sulfide deposits and placer deposits, which are formed by the weathering and erosion of these magmatic deposits.

The platinum group metals have a wide range of applications. Platinum is primarily used in catalytic converters for automobiles, due to its ability to catalyze the reduction of harmful vehicle emissions. Palladium is also used in catalytic converters and in jewelry due to its high luster and resistance to tarnish. Rhodium is valued for its use in jewelry and as a catalyst in the chemical industry. Osmium is used in high-precision instruments and electrical contacts due to its high density and hardness. Iridium is employed in electrical contacts and as a hardening agent for platinum. Ruthenium is used in electrical contacts and as a catalyst in the chemical industry.

The mining and extraction of platinum group metals are complex and environmentally impactful processes. The extraction of these metals often involves the use of toxic chemicals and the generation of large amounts of waste. Additionally, the mining of these metals can lead to habitat destruction and the displacement of local communities. As a result, there is ongoing research into more sustainable and environmentally friendly methods of extracting and recycling platinum group metals.