pinnankäsittelyä

Pinnankäsittely, also known as surface treatment or finishing, refers to the set of processes applied to the outer layer of a material to alter its characteristics. The goal is often to improve durability, aesthetic appeal, corrosion resistance, or functional properties such as friction or adhesion.

Historically, early pinnankäsittely methods in Europe and Asia involved simple techniques like polishing, polishing, or drying, while the industrial revolution introduced mechanical processes such as sandblasting and shot blasting. In the 20th century, electrical and chemical methods like anodizing, electroplating, and chemical conversion coatings became widespread, especially in the automotive and aerospace sectors. Today, advanced techniques including plasma nitriding, ion implantation, and laser surface modification are employed to create high-performance parts that can withstand extreme temperatures, wear, or chemical exposure.

Common materials treated by pinnankäsittely include metals (steel, aluminum, titanium), polymers, ceramics, and composites. The choice of method depends on the base material, required performance, and cost. For example, anodizing provides a hard, corrosion‑resistant oxide layer on aluminum, whereas electroplating deposits a thin, conductive metal layer on stainless steel parts.

Environmental concerns have led to stricter regulations on the use of hazardous chemicals such as chromium and solvents in certain pinnankäsittely operations. Many industries now adopt closed‑loop recycling systems and greener processes to reduce waste and emissions.

Overall, pinnankäsittely is a key link between raw material production and end‑use performance, enabling designers and manufacturers to meet demanding mechanical, functional, and regulatory requirements.