piezoactuators

Piezoactuators are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy through the piezoelectric effect. When an electric field is applied to a piezoelectric material, it experiences a mechanical deformation, and conversely, when the material is mechanically stressed, it generates an electric charge. Piezoactuators leverage this phenomenon to create precise and rapid movements. They are characterized by their high resolution, fast response times, and ability to generate significant force for their size.

The operation of a piezoactuator relies on the properties of specific crystalline materials, such as quartz or lead zirconate titanate (PZT). These materials exhibit a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure, which allows for the displacement of positive and negative charge centers under an electric field. This charge displacement leads to a macroscopic strain in the material. By carefully controlling the applied voltage, the deformation and thus the actuator's displacement can be precisely managed.

Piezoactuators find applications in a wide range of fields. They are used in precision positioning systems in microscopy, semiconductor manufacturing, and optical instruments. Their ability to generate small, controlled movements makes them ideal for tasks requiring sub-nanometer accuracy. They are also employed in inkjet printers, fuel injectors, and ultrasonic transducers. Due to their solid-state nature, they are generally reliable and require minimal maintenance.