phéochromocytome

Phéochromocytoma is a rare tumor that develops from chromaffin cells, which are found in the adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia. These cells produce and store catecholamines, including adrenaline and noradrenaline. Phéochromocytomas are typically benign, but they can be locally invasive and may metastasize. The exact cause of phéochromocytoma is unknown, but it is believed to be related to genetic mutations that affect the regulation of catecholamine production.

Symptoms of phéochromocytoma can vary widely and may include headaches, sweating, palpitations, and hypertension. In some cases, the tumor may cause paroxysms of hypertension, which can lead to severe complications such as stroke, heart attack, or organ failure. The diagnosis of phéochromocytoma typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and biochemical testing to measure the levels of catecholamines in the urine or blood.

Treatment options for phéochromocytoma depend on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Surgical removal of the tumor is the primary treatment option, but it may not be feasible in all cases. In such situations, medical management with alpha-blockers or beta-blockers may be used to control symptoms. In rare cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be considered. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence and to manage any potential complications.