phytosaurid

Phytosaurids were a group of large, crocodile-like reptiles that lived during the Late Triassic period. These extinct archosaurs were semi-aquatic predators, inhabiting freshwater environments across Pangaea. Despite their superficial resemblance to modern crocodiles, phytosaurids were not closely related. Their most distinctive feature was the placement of their nostrils, which were located far back on their skull, near the eyes, a specialization for breathing while most of their body was submerged. This arrangement is unique among reptiles and is a key diagnostic characteristic of the group.

Phytosaurids possessed long, powerful snouts filled with conical teeth, adapted for grasping fish and other aquatic prey. Their bodies were robust and elongated, supported by four strong limbs, and many likely had a powerful tail for propulsion in water. They varied in size, with some species reaching lengths of over six meters. Fossil evidence indicates a wide distribution, with remains found in North America, Europe, Africa, and India. Phytosaurids were a dominant component of their ecosystems for millions of years, but they ultimately went extinct at the end of the Triassic, likely due to environmental changes and competition.