phorophyte

A phorophyte is a plant, typically a tree or shrub, that serves as a substrate or support for the growth of other organisms, most commonly epiphytes. Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants but do not derive nutrients from their host, instead obtaining moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, and accumulated debris. The phorophyte provides a physical structure, elevation, and often a stable environment that allows these epiphytic organisms to thrive, accessing sunlight and avoiding competition from ground-level vegetation.

The term "phorophyte" comes from the Greek words "phoros," meaning "bearer," and "phyton," meaning "plant." This accurately describes the role of the phorophyte as a living platform. Common examples of phorophytes include large trees in rainforests, where a vast diversity of orchids, bromeliads, ferns, and mosses grow upon their branches and trunks. In temperate regions, older trees may support substantial growths of lichens and mosses.

The health and structure of the phorophyte are crucial for the survival of its epiphyte community. Factors such as the bark texture, the presence of cavities or crevices, and the overall vigor of the phorophyte can influence which species of epiphyte can establish and grow. Similarly, the removal or decline of phorophytes, due to deforestation or disease, can lead to the loss of associated epiphyte populations, impacting the overall biodiversity of an ecosystem.