peroxy

Peroxy is a combining form used in chemistry to denote a peroxide linkage or a higher oxygen content in a compound. It is commonly seen as a prefix in the names of compounds containing the O–O single bond, such as peroxides or peroxy acids. The presence of the peroxide linkage typically imparts strong oxidizing properties and distinctive reactivity.

Common examples include hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide (PhCO–O–O–COPh), di-tert-butyl peroxide ((CH3)3C–O–O–C(CH3)3), and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH). Peroxyacids include peracetic acid (CH3COOOH) and performic acid. Peroxyesters, formed from carboxylic acids and hydrogen peroxide, take the R–CO–O–O–R' pattern and can serve as oxidants or radical initiators in synthesis.

Applications of peroxy-containing compounds span several fields. They are important oxidizing agents in chemical synthesis, serve as initiators for polymerization, and act as bleaching agents in paper, textile, and cosmetic industries. Some peroxides are used to generate radicals under controlled conditions, enabling polymerization or oxidation reactions that are difficult to achieve otherwise. Peroxy compounds also play roles in environmental chemistry, including pollutant degradation.

Safety and handling considerations are central to working with peroxides. Many peroxides are reactive and can decompose violently, especially organic peroxides or those stored in unsuitable solvents. They may become shock-sensitive or detonate under heat, friction, or contamination with metals. Proper storage, temperature control, solvent choice, and adherence to handling guidelines are essential to mitigate these risks.

In summary, peroxy denotes the presence of a peroxide linkage or elevated oxygen content in chemical structures, with broad implications for reactivity and applications across chemistry and industry.