periodontitisen

Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that affects the tissues supporting the teeth. It is a progression of gingivitis, the milder form of gum disease. If gingivitis is left untreated, the gums can become inflamed and pull away from the teeth, forming pockets. These pockets become a breeding ground for bacteria, which can further break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place.

The main cause of periodontitis is poor oral hygiene, leading to plaque buildup. Plaque contains bacteria that produce toxins, irritating the gums and causing inflammation. Other contributing factors include smoking, hormonal changes (like those during pregnancy), diabetes, certain medical conditions, and some medications. Genetics can also play a role in an individual's susceptibility.

Symptoms of periodontitis can include red, swollen, or bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, receding gums, loose teeth, and changes in the way your teeth fit together when you bite. In advanced stages, bone loss can become significant, leading to tooth loss.

Diagnosis is typically made by a dentist through a dental examination, checking for pocket depth, gum recession, and bone loss on dental X-rays. Treatment aims to stop the progression of the disease and involves professional dental cleaning to remove plaque and tartar, often referred to as scaling and root planing. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged tissues or regenerate lost bone. Maintaining good oral hygiene at home, including regular brushing and flossing, is crucial for preventing and managing periodontitis.