perineale

Perineale is an anatomical term used in several European languages, notably Italian, to describe anything related to the perineum. The perineum is the region between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx, extending to the thighs. In English, the corresponding adjective is perineal. The perineal region is commonly divided into the urogenital triangle anteriorly and the anal triangle posteriorly and contains muscles, vessels, and nerves that support the pelvic floor and influence continence and sexual function.

Anatomy: The perineum lies below the pelvic diaphragm and attaches to the perineal body, a central fibromuscular tendon. It comprises the superficial and deep perineal pouches. The superficial pouch contains the bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, and superficial transverse perineal muscles, as well as vestibular bulbs or the root of the penis in respective sexes. The deep pouch contains the sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perineal muscles; the external anal sphincter is located in the anal triangle.

Neurovascular supply: The perineal region is supplied by branches of the internal pudendal artery and innervated by the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve, with contributions from the inferior rectal nerve. The perineal body serves as a central attachment point for several muscles and supports the openings of the urogenital and alimentary tracts.

Clinical relevance: Knowledge of perineal anatomy is essential in childbirth, where episiotomies or tears affect the region and may impact continence and sexual function. Perineal trauma, infections, and post-surgical pain are common considerations; reconstructive procedures such as perineoplasty may be indicated in some cases.

Note: Perineale is the term used in some languages; the English form is perineal.