perikardaadide

Perikardaadide refers to conditions affecting the pericardium, the double-layered sac that surrounds the heart. The pericardium consists of a visceral layer directly on the heart's surface and a parietal layer forming the outer sac. Between these layers is a small space containing pericardial fluid, which lubricates the heart and reduces friction during its beating.

Inflammation of the pericardium is known as pericarditis. This can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, heart attacks, kidney failure, or certain medications. Symptoms of pericarditis often include sharp chest pain that may worsen with breathing or lying down, fever, and fatigue. In some cases, pericarditis can lead to the accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial space, a condition called pericardial effusion.

Pericardial effusion, if significant, can compress the heart and impair its ability to pump effectively. This compression is termed cardiac tamponade, a potentially life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical intervention to drain the excess fluid. Other perikardaadide include pericardial thickening or calcification, which can restrict heart movement, and constrictive pericarditis, a chronic condition where the pericardium becomes stiff and fibrous, leading to impaired diastolic filling of the heart. Diagnosis of perikardaadide typically involves medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and sometimes CT or MRI scans. Treatment varies depending on the specific condition and its cause.