perennal

Perennial refers to plants that live for more than two years. This is in contrast to annuals, which complete their life cycle in one year, and biennials, which live for two years. Perennial plants typically develop woody stems that persist above ground during winter, or they may die back to the ground in cold climates but regrow from their root systems each spring. The term "perennial" can also be applied to certain animals, particularly those that live for an extended period, though it is most commonly used in botany.

The lifecycle of a perennial plant usually involves several years of growth before reaching full maturity and reproductive capability. They often develop extensive root systems that help them survive harsh conditions and access nutrients. Many common garden plants, trees, and shrubs are perennials. Examples include roses, hostas, oak trees, and lavender. The long lifespan of perennials makes them a popular choice for landscaping as they provide consistent structure and beauty to a garden year after year, often requiring less frequent replanting compared to annuals. Their ability to survive and regrow is a key characteristic that defines their perennial nature.