pepperboxes

A pepperbox is a type of multi-barreled firearm that was popular in the 19th century. Its name derives from the similarity of its revolving cylinder of barrels to the common kitchen pepper grinder of the era. Pepperboxes were typically small, intended for personal defense, and fired by an internal hammer mechanism that struck a percussion cap or flint. The barrels were usually arranged radially around a central axis and rotated with each pull of the trigger, bringing a new barrel into alignment with the firing mechanism. Early models were often flintlocks, but percussion cap versions became more common and were generally considered safer and more reliable. The caliber of pepperbox firearms varied, but they were generally small bore, often .22, .31, or .36 caliber. They were characterized by their compact size and the distinctive appearance of their multiple barrels. Despite their popularity for a time, pepperboxes were eventually overshadowed by the development of more practical revolvers with longer barrels and more sophisticated loading mechanisms. Their production declined significantly by the late 19th century.